{"id":2226,"date":"2014-10-26T15:10:00","date_gmt":"2014-10-26T15:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wyvern.ctl.columbia.edu\/?p=3"},"modified":"2021-08-03T08:22:53","modified_gmt":"2021-08-03T08:22:53","slug":"dybbuk-possesses-stages-worldwide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/theater\/dybbuk-possesses-stages-worldwide\/","title":{"rendered":"The Dybbuk in New York: Introduction"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By <em>Agi Legutko<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>The Dybbuk<\/em> in New York<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The\u00a0<em>Dybbuk, Or Between Two Worlds<\/em>\u00a0by S. An-sky premiered in 1920 in Warsaw, Poland, and immediately possessed the stages worldwide. In 1921 <em>The Dybbuk <\/em>had its New York premiere and since then has returned to the city at least twenty times. The posts listed below, created by Columbia University students and featured on the Mapping Yiddish New York website under the &#8220;Dybbuk in New York&#8221; category, document these returns:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/arts\/dybbuk-arrives-new-york-maurice-schwartz-dybbuk-production-yiddish-art-theater-1921\/\"><em>Dybbuk<\/em> Arrives in New York: Maurice Schwartz&#8217;s Production in Yiddish Art Theater (1921)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/arts\/neighborhood-playhouse-1925-possessed-theater-dybbuks\/\"><em>Dybbuk<\/em> in the Neighborhood Playhouse (1925)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/arts\/dybbuk-1926-0\/\"><em>The Dybbuk<\/em> Comes to Broadway: Habimah&#8217;s <em>Dybbuk<\/em> at the Mansfield Theater (1926)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/arts\/puppets-and-parody\/\">Puppets and Parody:<em> The Dybbuk<\/em> (1926)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/arts\/1936-il-dibuk-performance-carnegie-hall\/\"><em>Il Dybuk<\/em> Performance at the Carnegie Hall (1936)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/arts\/dybbuk-1938\/\">The First Film Adaptation of <em>The Dybbuk<\/em> in New York (1938)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/arts\/dybbuk-or-between-two-worlds-1948\/\"><em>The Dybbuk, Or Between Two Worlds <\/em>(1948)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/arts\/sokolows-dybbuk\/\">Sokolow&#8217;s <em>Dybbuk<\/em> (1951)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/arts\/dybbuk-becomes-operatic-1951-1952\/\"><em>The Dybbuk<\/em> Becomes Operatic (1951 &amp; 1952)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/theater\/dybbuk-1954-4th-street-theatre\/\">The Dybbuk at the 4th Street Theater Produced by David Ross (1954)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/arts\/neither-rest-nor-harbor-dybbuk-and-modern-dance-1960s\/\"><em>Neither Rest Nor Harbor<\/em>: <em>The Dybbuk<\/em> and Modern Dance (1964 &amp;1969)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/arts\/dybbuk-ballet-1974\/\"><em>The Dybbuk<\/em> Ballet (1974)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/arts\/pearl-langs-possessed\/\">Pearl Lang&#8217;s <em>The Possessed<\/em> (1975)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/arts\/dybbuk-public-theater-new-york-shakespeare-festival-production-1977\/\"><em>The Dybbuk<\/em> at the Public Theater, New York Shakespeare Festival Production (1977)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/arts\/dybbuk-1997\/\"><em>A Dybbuk<\/em> by Tony Kushner (1997)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/arts\/warlikowskis-adapation-dybbuk-2004\/\">Warlikowski&#8217;s Adaptation of <em>The Dybbuk<\/em> (2004)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/arts\/analyzing-dybbuk-puppet-show-2004\/\">Analyzing <em>The Dybbuk<\/em> Puppet Show (2004)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/theater\/leibowitz\/\">Leibowitz&#8217;s Production of <em>The Dybbuk<\/em> (2011)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/arts\/2012-dybbuk-queens-college\/\">Queens College Production of <em>The Dybbuk<\/em> (2012)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>The Dybbuk<\/em> Possesses the Stages Worldwide<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/32\/An-ski_1910.jpg\/250px-An-ski_1910.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/32\/An-ski_1910.jpg\/250px-An-ski_1910.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/a>&nbsp;<br>Figure 1. S. An-sky&nbsp;in 1910.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Shloyme-Zanvl Rappoport a.k.a. S. An-sky (1863-1920) headed an ethnographic expedition in the years 1912-1914 in Volhynie and Podolie in Eastern Europe, which is said to have inspired his greatest work, <em>The Dybbuk, Or Between Two Worlds<\/em> (1914).\u00a0An-sky tried to stage it for several years, in vain, and it was only at his funeral on November 9, 1920 that Yiddish theater director David Herman swore that the play would be staged &#8220;\u05e6\u05d5 \u05d3\u05d9 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d5\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd&#8221; <em>tsu di shloshim<\/em>, 30 days after An-sky&#8217;s death. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/e8\/Dybbuk1920.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/e8\/Dybbuk1920.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Figure 2. Poster advertising <em>Between Two Worlds: The Dybbuk<\/em> premiere in Warsaw in 1920.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Indeed,\u00a0<em>Between Two Worlds: The Dybbuk &#8211; <\/em>as the play was originally called <em>&#8211;<\/em>premiered at the Elizeum Theater in Warsaw on December 9, 1920, at the end of the thirty-day mourning period after An-sky\u2019s death.<span id='easy-footnote-1-2226' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/theater\/dybbuk-possesses-stages-worldwide\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-2226' title='Steinlauf,\u00a0Michael. \u201cFardibekt! An-sky\u2019s Polish Legacy.\u201d In Steven J. Zipperstein and Gabriella Safran, Eds.\u00a0&lt;em&gt;Worlds of An-sky: A Russian Jewish Intellectual at the Turn of the Century.\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;Stanford, California: Stanford University\u00a0Press, 2006. pp.\u00a0232-251.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.warszawa1939.pl\/galeria-powiazany\/karowa-18a\/galeria-powiazana-1283\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"278\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/wp-content\/uploads\/karowa_18a.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2885\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/wp-content\/uploads\/karowa_18a.jpg 278w, https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/wp-content\/uploads\/karowa_18a-185x300.jpg 185w, https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/wp-content\/uploads\/karowa_18a-59x96.jpg 59w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 278px) 100vw, 278px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Figure 3. The Elizeum Theater at 18a Karowa Street in Warsaw, where <em>The Dybbuk<\/em> was first performed by the Vilne Troupe, no longer exists. More about the building&#8217;s history can be found <a href=\"http:\/\/www.warszawa1939.pl\/strona_2.php?kod=karowa_18a_a\">here.<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Vilna Troupe (Vilner Trupe), established in 1915,&nbsp;was one of the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.yadvashem.org\/yv\/en\/exhibitions\/vilna\/before\/theatre.asp?WT.mc_id=wiki\">four theater companies in Vilnius<\/a>, Lithuania. It&nbsp;eventually moved to Warsaw and then performed around the world.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/yivoencyclopedia.org\/popups\/viewmedia.aspx?id=1000&amp;article=298\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.embed.ly\/1\/display\/resize?key=1e6a1a1efdb011df84894040444cdc60&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fforward.com%2Fworkspace%2Fassets%2Fimages%2Farticles%2Fs-Dybbuk-082812.jpg&amp;width=1000\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Figure 4. Vilna Troupe&#8217;s <em>Dybbuk<\/em>, 1920\u00a0featuring Miriam Orleska as Leah, Noach Nachbush as the Messenger, and Alexander Stein.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"jetpack-video-wrapper\"><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"768\" height=\"432\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/SgyVuwUZQ2c?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption>Figure 5. Yiddish theater scholar, Prof. Debra Caplan, explores the role of the Vilne Troupe in creating the Yiddish art theater movement.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Luba Kadison, the daughter of Leib Kadison, one of the founders of Vilna Troupe, and who also performed in&nbsp;<em>The Dybbuk&nbsp;<\/em>as Leah in 1922, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eilatgordinlevitan.com\/vilna\/vilna_pages\/vilna_stories_kadison.html\">recalls<\/a> that having seen their Dybbuk performance in Vienna, famous theater director Max Reinhardt said, &#8220;Das ist nicht theater, das ist ein Gottes Dienst.&#8221; (This is not theater, it is service to God).<span id='easy-footnote-2-2226' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/theater\/dybbuk-possesses-stages-worldwide\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-2226' title='Pascal, Julia.&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http:\/\/www.eilatgordinlevitan.com\/vilna\/vilna_pages\/vilna_stories_kadison.html&quot;&gt;&amp;#8220;Luba Kadison and the Vilna Troupe.&amp;#8221;&lt;\/a&gt; &lt;em&gt;The Guardian,&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/em&gt;May 19, 2006. Accessed July 30, 2021.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i.embed.ly\/1\/display\/resize?key=1e6a1a1efdb011df84894040444cdc60&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.museumoffamilyhistory.com%2Fkadison-luba-dyb.jpg&amp;width=1000\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.embed.ly\/1\/display\/resize?key=1e6a1a1efdb011df84894040444cdc60&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.museumoffamilyhistory.com%2Fkadison-luba-dyb.jpg&amp;width=1000\" alt=\"\"><\/a>\u00a0<br>Figure 6. Luba Kadison as Leah in\u00a0<em>The Dybbuk\u00a0<\/em>in 1922.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As scholar Michael Steinlauf notes, the Vilna Troupe&#8217;s\u00a0production\u00a0of <em>The Dybbuk\u00a0<\/em>was received with \u201cwild and unprecedented excitement\u201d and was instantly a great success.<span id='easy-footnote-3-2226' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/theater\/dybbuk-possesses-stages-worldwide\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-2226' title='Steinlauf.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;The audiences were immediately possessed, or \u201cfardibekt\u201d [\u2018dybbuk-ed\u2019], according to the Warsaw Yiddish daily, <em>Der Moment<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Take a poll, and you\u2019ll see that out of 5 Jews in Warsaw, 12 have been to The Dybbuk. You\u2019ll probably give me a look and ask: how can that be? How is it possible that out of 5 Jews, altogether 12 should go see The Dybbuk? So you need to know that The Dybbuk is not something you go to once and it\u2019s over. God forbid! With The Dybbuk, if you go once you go again, and if you go again, you go again. \u2026 And so it goes, easy as a psalm, at first you go three times a week, later you get used to it, and like a Jew to his prayers, you go to The Dybbuk three times a day.<\/em> (Khad-Gadyo, \u201cDer \u2018Dibek\u2019 un Fankoni,\u201d Der Moment (6 March 1921), translation Michael Steinlauf).<span id='easy-footnote-4-2226' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/theater\/dybbuk-possesses-stages-worldwide\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-2226' title='Ibid.'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The play was soon translated in 27 languages&nbsp;and performed around the globe, starting in 1921 in New York (see the <a href=\"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/arts\/dybbuk-arrives-new-york-maurice-schwartz-dybbuk-production-yiddish-art-theater-1921\/\">MYNY story<\/a>).&nbsp;The 1922 Hebrew production of the play directed by Eugene Vakhtangov, student of the legendary Konstantin Stanislavski, (who also contributed to the final form of the play by suggesting the addition of the character of the Messenger), by the Habimah Theater company in Moscow with its famous expressionist interpretation became an icon in itself. Vakhtangov\u2019s production, with its extensive emphasis on choreographed movement, \u201csucceeded in transcending the meaning of the play far beyond [the director\u2019s] conception. \u2026 Vakhtangov paradoxically released the spirit from the chains of the constraining form. The performers, along with the audience, in effect engaged themselves in a total emotional trance.\u201d<span id='easy-footnote-5-2226' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/theater\/dybbuk-possesses-stages-worldwide\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-2226' title='Orani, Aviv. \u201cRealism in Vakhtangov\u2019s Theatre of Fantasy.\u201d&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Theatre Journal&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/em&gt;36.4 (Dec 1984): 475.'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Not only was the production considered as Vakhtangov\u2019s manifesto of his view on life and modern theater of fantasy realism, it also turned into Habimah\u2019s signature piece that has been performed for over four decades in an intact form, literally thousands of times all over the world.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/foto-history.livejournal.com\/1032425.html\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/max.mmlc.northwestern.edu\/mdenner\/Drama\/images\/new_images\/dybbuk\/dybbuk1_lg.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Figure 7. Vakhtangov&#8217;s Habimah production (1922).<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/max.mmlc.northwestern.edu\/mdenner\/Drama\/images\/new_images\/dybbuk\/dybbuk2_lg.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/max.mmlc.northwestern.edu\/mdenner\/Drama\/images\/new_images\/dybbuk\/dybbuk2_lg.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Figure 8. The final scene in <em>The Dybbuk<\/em> by the Habimah, 1922.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These two productions marked the beginning of <em>The Dybbuk<\/em> possessing the stages worldwide that has continued until this day. The stories featured on&nbsp;the Mapping Yiddish New York website explore the Dybbuk possessing the New York stages since 1920 to 2012.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Image Sources<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Figure 1. <a href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/32\/An-ski_1910.jpg\/250px-An-ski_1910.jpg\">https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/32\/An-ski_1910.jpg\/250px-An-ski_1910.jpg<\/a>. Accessed July 30, 2021.<br>Figure 2. <a href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/e8\/Dybbuk1920.png\">https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/e8\/Dybbuk1920.png<\/a>. Accessed July 30, 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Figure 3. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.warszawa1939.pl\/galeria-powiazany\/karowa-18a\/galeria-powiazana-1283\">http:\/\/www.warszawa1939.pl\/galeria-powiazany\/karowa-18a\/galeria-powiazana-1283<\/a>. Accessed July 30, 2021..<br>Figure 4. <a href=\"https:\/\/yivoencyclopedia.org\/popups\/viewmedia.aspx?id=1000&amp;article=298\">https:\/\/yivoencyclopedia.org\/popups\/viewmedia.aspx?id=1000&amp;article=298<\/a>. Accessed July 16, 2021.<br>Figure 5. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SgyVuwUZQ2c\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SgyVuwUZQ2c<\/a>. Accessed July 30, 2021.<br>Figure 6. <a href=\"https:\/\/i.embed.ly\/1\/display\/resize?key=1e6a1a1efdb011df84894040444cdc60&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.museumoffamilyhistory.com%2Fkadison-luba-dyb.jpg&amp;width=1000\">https:\/\/i.embed.ly\/1\/display\/resize?key=1e6a1a1efdb011df84894040444cdc60&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.museumoffamilyhistory.com%2Fkadison-luba-dyb.jpg&amp;width=1000<\/a>. Accessed July 30, 2021.<br>Figure 7. <a href=\"https:\/\/foto-history.livejournal.com\/1032425.html\">https:\/\/foto-history.livejournal.com\/1032425.html<\/a>. Accessed July 30, 2021.<br>Figure 8. <a href=\"http:\/\/max.mmlc.northwestern.edu\/mdenner\/Drama\/images\/new_images\/dybbuk\/dybbuk2_lg.jpg\">http:\/\/max.mmlc.northwestern.edu\/mdenner\/Drama\/images\/new_ images\/dybbuk\/dybbuk2_lg.jpg<\/a>. Accessed October 26, 2014.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Works Cited<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Caplan, Debra. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.yiddishbookcenter.org\/pakn-treger\/08-14\/sun-never-sets-vilna-troupe\">&#8220;The Sun Never Sets on the Vilna Troupe.&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Pakn Treger,&nbsp;<\/em>Summer 2014, pp. 12-14.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Caplan, Debra. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.debracaplan.com\/uploads\/8\/5\/1\/5\/8515387\/nomadic_chutzpah.pdf\">&#8220;Nomadic Chutzpah: The Vilna Troupe&#8217;s Transnational Yiddish Theater&nbsp;Paradigm 1915-1935.&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Theater Survey,&nbsp;<\/em>vol. 55, special issue 03, pp. 296-317.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khad-Gadyo, \u201cDer \u2018Dibek\u2019 un Fankoni,\u201d Der Moment (6 March 1921)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Legutko, Agi.&nbsp;<em>Possessed by the Past: Dybbuk Possession and Modern Jewish Identity in Twentieth-Century Jewish Culture<\/em>.&nbsp;(Forthcoming).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Levi, Emanuel.&nbsp;<em>The Habima \u2013 Israel\u2019s National Theater 1917-1977: A Study of Cultural Nationalism<\/em>.<em> <\/em>(New York: Columbia University Press), 1979.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Luba, Kadison.&nbsp;<em>On stage, off stage : memories of a lifetime in the Yiddish theatre<\/em>. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Library, 1992.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Orani, Aviv. \u201cRealism in Vakhtangov\u2019s Theatre of Fantasy.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Theatre Journal&nbsp;<\/em>36.4 (Dec 1984): 475.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pascal, Julia.&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.eilatgordinlevitan.com\/vilna\/vilna_pages\/vilna_stories_kadison.html\">&#8220;Luba Kadison and the Vilna Troupe.&#8221;<\/a> <em>The Guardian,&nbsp;<\/em>May 19, 2006. Accessed July 30, 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Steinlauf,&nbsp;Michael. \u201cFardibekt! An-sky\u2019s Polish Legacy.\u201d In Steven J. Zipperstein and Gabriella Safran, Eds.&nbsp;<em>Worlds of An-sky: A Russian Jewish Intellectual at the Turn of the Century.&nbsp;<\/em>Stanford, California: Stanford University&nbsp;Press, 2006. pp.&nbsp;232-251.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Footnotes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Agi Legutko The Dybbuk in New York The\u00a0Dybbuk, Or Between Two Worlds\u00a0by S. An-sky premiered in 1920 in Warsaw, Poland, and immediately possessed the stages worldwide. In 1921 The Dybbuk had its New York premiere and since then has returned to the city at least twenty times. The posts listed below, created by Columbia [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2886,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[160],"tags":[175,176],"class_list":["post-2226","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-theater","tag-digitalessay","tag-dybbuk"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p9teox-zU","jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/wp-content\/uploads\/dybbuk2_lg.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2226","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2226"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2226\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4079,"href":"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2226\/revisions\/4079"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2886"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2226"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2226"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jewishstudiescolumbia.com\/myny\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2226"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}